b12 injection sites subcutaneous Optimal for Maximum Absorption and Benefits Cyanocobalamin (b12) Injection 2,000 mcg/mL

The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to assess the certainty of the evidence for the two primary biochemical outcomesserum vitamin B12 concentration increase and homocysteine reductionacross all included studies, and separately for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies

Current approaches include: Continuous Use Approach: Based on clinical trials that used continuous daily administration for 12-24 weeks without scheduled breaks

Delivered under the skin or into a muscle, bypassing the gut

A further nail in the coffin came in another later audit carried out in Leicestershire in 1995